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Termites' system contains a number of microorganisms to aid in the digestion of the plant fibre cellulose.
There are more than 350 species of termites in Australia, and few are considered pests. Only approximately 20 species cause damage to both buildings. In Victoria, there are five species which cause damage to both buildings and wooden constructions.
Termites play important ecological functions by providing nest holes such as lizards, birds and possums, breaking down organic matter, returning nutrients to soil and assisting with soil aeration.
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Termites are often wrongly known as ants. This expression should not be used since they are neither white nor ants.
Termites live and work together in nests or colonies. Members of the colony take different types or castes. These include:
Their wings are size and shape and twice the length of their body. They drop following the colonising flight is made. Reduce wings are a fantastic indication of presence.
These are the sexual forms of the colony including future kings and queens of colonies .
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The reproductives live in a central chamber in the nest where a female, or queen, will put many thousands of eggs every year over her entire life span of about 10 years. Male, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Numerous reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites develop in the colony by shedding cuticles at the end of each growth stage, gradually changing until they get to the employee, soldier or grownup (winged form). If queens perish, some supplementary reproductives may carry on the colony as neotenics.
Reproductives are generally darker than employees and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their more robust skin (cuticle) can resist the external environment. Once flight, unlike other insects, the deciduous wings of termites are lost and piles of discard visit here wings are a fantastic hint to termite infestations.
Soldiers have heads that are darker than the other castes. They're blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
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Soldiers are tougher than the other castes and take longer to die from most toxins, exposure, or starvation. It's their find function to defend the colony, if disturbed, while the damage is fixed by the employees.
Soldiers exist in different forms. Most species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, such as ants.
Nastute soldiers occur in Nasustitermes species and are only infrequently found as pests in Victoria. They've a snout from which they eject a sticky solution which disturbs and glues attackers.
Soldiers have a huge head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. The drywood termites, which use this strategy, are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
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The employees account for the greatest number of termites within the colony, and are consequently responsible for the most harm.
They gather food, groom other termites, construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are believed to operate 24 hours a day throughout their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They're blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
As soon official site as they are old enough, the young work within the colony in which jobs change with age and maturity.
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Once a single colony becomes sufficiently large it produces winged reproductives which wait in specially constructed chambers until prepared to depart the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest for a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still air, and at times low light. Termites are not strong fliers and generally only fly up to 1km, although breezes and updrafts can carry them a lot further.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and evokes a calling scent. Males respond.
They dig in and within the next few weeks, mate and look after their young until enough employees grow to take over the maintenance roles.
New colonies are established via budding. This is thought to happen when the extremities of the colony lose contact and eventually become independent.
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The primary king and queen are believed to hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the rest of the colony. However, this control breaks down whether the land is big or contact groups is lost.
Termites work in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as mammals, which can be fed by adult termites. They then develop into castes or four kinds of termite.